The spectrum sharing approach (SSA) has emerged as a cost-efficient solution for the enhancement of spectrum utilization to meet the\nstringent requirements of 5G systems. However, the realization of SSA in 5G mmWave cellular networks from technical and regulatory\nperspectives could be challenging. Therefore, in this paper, an analytical framework involving a flexible hybrid mmWave SSA is presented\nto assess the effectiveness of SSA and investigate its influence on network functionality in terms of independence and fairness among\noperators. Two mmWave frequencies (28GHz and 73 GHz) are used with different spectrum bandwidths. Various access models have\nbeen presented for adoption by four independent mobile network operators that incorporate three types of spectrum allocation (exclusive,\nsemipooled, and fully pooled access). Furthermore, an adaptive multi-state mmWave cell selection scheme is proposed to associate typical\nusers with the tagged mmWave base stations that provide a great signal-to-interference plus noise ratio, thereby maintaining reliable\nconnections and enriching user experience. Numerical results show that the proposed strategy achieves considerable improvement in\nterms of fairness and independence among operators, which paves the way for further research activities that would provide better insight\nand encourage mobile network operators to rely on SSA.
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